Whistler turbulence at variable electron beta: Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations
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چکیده
[1] Three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of whistler turbulence at three different initial values of ˇe are carried out on a collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized plasma model. The simulations begin with an initial ensemble of relatively long-wavelength whistler modes and follow the temporal evolution of the fluctuations as wave-wave interactions lead to a forward cascade into a broadband, turbulent spectrum at shorter wavelengths with a wave vector anisotropy in the sense of k? > kk. Here ? and k denote directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field, respectively. In addition, wave-particle interactions lead to fluctuating field dissipation and electron heating with a temperature anisotropy in the sense of Tk > T?. At early times, the wave-wave cascade dominates energy transport, whereas wave-particle Landau damping dominates at late simulation times. Larger values of ˇe correspond to a faster forward cascade in wave number and to a faster rate of electron heating, as well as to a less anisotropic wave vector distribution and to a less anisotropic electron velocity distribution.
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تاریخ انتشار 2013